LCL Tear
What Is an LCL Tear?
The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) runs along the outer side of the knee, connecting the femur to the fibula (the smaller bone of the lower leg). It works as the mirror image of the MCL, resisting forces that push the knee outward. LCL tears are less common than MCL tears but can be more complex to manage, as the LCL rarely tears in isolation.
What Causes an LCL Tear?
- A direct blow to the inside of the knee, forcing it outward
- Hyperextension injuries
- Twisting injuries during sports
- High-energy trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls from height
Because of the anatomy of the outer knee, LCL injuries often involve nearby structures as well, including the posterolateral corner of the knee (a group of ligaments and tendons that provide additional stability).
What Are the Symptoms of an LCL Tear?
- Pain and tenderness along the outer side of the knee
- Swelling and bruising
- A sensation of the knee giving way, particularly when pivoting or changing direction
- In more severe cases, numbness or tingling down the outer leg or foot, since the peroneal nerve runs close to the LCL and can be affected
Why Are LCL Tears Treated Differently Than MCL Tears?
Unlike the MCL, the LCL has a more limited blood supply and a lower capacity to heal on its own, particularly with complete tears. Because the LCL rarely tears alone, associated injuries to nearby ligaments and the posterolateral corner often need to be addressed as part of a complete treatment plan. This is why LCL injuries are evaluated carefully with a thorough physical exam and MRI to identify the full extent of the damage.
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Treatment Options for an LCL Tear
Partial tears without significant instability may be treated nonsurgically with bracing, activity modification, and physical therapy focused on regaining strength and motion.
Complete tears, especially those combined with other ligament or posterolateral corner injuries, often require surgical reconstruction to restore stability to the knee. Left untreated, significant LCL instability can place abnormal stress on other structures in the knee, including previously reconstructed ligaments like the ACL or PCL, increasing the risk of future injury.
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Dr. Palsis specializes in the treatment of knee, shoulder, and sports injuries.